Vega 1 and 2
Szerző(k): DaveBowman2001 domi9 Jack Higgins tashtego
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The Soviet Vega program were a series of twin spacecraft that simultaneously explored both Venus and 1P/Halley. Part of an international fleet called the Halley Armada, it twice delivered a lander and a balloon onto Venus before exploring Halley, the latter of which eventually helped Giotto to attempt a close flyby of its nucleus. As of 2026, they were the last missions to successfully land on Venus
A Vega spacecraft prior to its Venus flyby/landing, June 1985
| Vega Program (1984–1987) |
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|---|---|---|---|
| Mission | Component | Start | End |
| Vega 1 | Flyby | 1984-Dec-15 | 1987-Jan-30 |
| Flew by Venus at a distance of 39,000 km on 1985-Jun-11. Later flew past Halley's Comet at a distance of 10,000 km on 1986-Mar-6 |
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| Lander | 1985-Jun-11 | ||
| Landed at Rusalka Planitia (8.05°N 176.89°E). Scientific instruments were prematurely activated at 20 km altitude while still descending. Survived for at least 56 minutes on the surface |
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| Balloon | 1985-Jun-11 | 1985-Jun-13 | |
| Deployed at 63 km altitude, conducted the first extraterrestrial atmospheric flight. Traversed the planet for a total distance of 11,600 km |
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| Vega 2 | Flyby | 1984-Dec-21 | 1987-Mar-24 |
| Flew by Venus at a distance of 24,500 km on 1985-Jun-15. Later flew past Halley's Comet at a distance of 8,030 km on 1986-Mar-9 |
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| Lander | 1985-Jun-15 | ||
| Landed at Rusalka Planitia (7.51°S 179.8°E). Last successful landing on Venus (as of 2026). Survived for at least 57 minutes on the surface |
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| Balloon | 1985-Jun-15 | 1985-Jun-17 | |
| Deployed at 54 km altitude. Traversed the planet for a total distance of 11,100 km |
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A Vega spacecraft during the Venus flyby, June 1985
A Vega spacecraft during the Halley flyby, March 1986
A Vega lander on the surface of Venus, June 1985
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