Luna 1

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Luna 1, also known as Mechta, was the first spacecraft to flyby the Moon, reach Earth's escape velocity and enter a heliocentric orbit. Launched by USSR in 1959-Jan-02, initially conceived as a lunar impactor, a malfunction in the ground-based control system caused an error in the upper stage rocket's burn time, and the spacecraft missed the Moon by approximately 6,000 km.

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